is great stuff open or closed cell

Most hollow core doors are not empty. I think the most important thing with the gun is to wipe the tip thoroughly with acetone every time youre going to stop using it for more than maybe 10-15 seconds or so. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? The little cans with straws are a one-time deal you have to use the entire can in one quick job or it seals itself and has to be trashed. It comes down to understanding the benefits of open cell vs closed cell foam and choosing the type that fits your needs. What are the ten major functions of financial management? Some advice, the cans with a straw aren't that easy to use. Closed cell spray foam insulation is denser than open cell and provides a higher R-value, meaning it is more effective at insulating your home. Brian, But i found it didn't expand nearly as much as expected (possibly user error - I think I went too quickly rather than slower strokes). I have been an insulation installer for 13 years, and this gun is great! Quickly and cleanly apply airtight, water-resistant seals between framework and rough openings. The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. Putting together the best quality Industrial, Construction and DIY Kits. Give us a call! It only took me 2 cans to seal all penetrations (electrical..ventsplumbing vents all eight (corners?/ joints?) You need a low expansion foam specifically made for windows and doors. Were here to help homeowners and professionals alike get perfect results every time. That product, however, may require a higher expenditure in order to achieve the finest performance and customer service. View details WHERE TO BUY null BIG GAP FILLER This low pressure foam is actually self-venting which means that once it fills the void, the trapped CO2 leaves the product unlike conventional polyurethane foam that may continue to expand and apply pressure. Just putting this out there to give you ideas, not telling you what you should do (please see disclaimer see the disclaimer about boondocking & vandwellers in my sig). I was almost going to pick up a can and decided to practice spending procrastination on buying GREAT STUFF. Even though it's more expensive to install than open-cell foam, closed-cell foam is often preferred for home insulation projects because it offers higher R-value between R-6 and R-7.1 per in. It's many times "cleaner".and like I said. for some reason the can went way farther than 3 cans of the other would have. 2 How do I get a smooth finish with expanding foam? Of course they have not had to modify anything to work with their vehicle or life style. As a bonus, closed-cell foam imparts strength to whatever construction it is applied in. In this article, we will review those ubiquitous Great Stuff, DAPtex Touch n Foam cans found at your local big box stores. With Great Stuff, you'll be at it for hours and hours. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Touch n Foam NoWarp Window and Door Sealant. GREAT STUFF Big Gap Filler* Foam sealant that expands to seal and insulate gaps up to three inches. Has any one ever tried to sound insulate a hollow core door by drilling small holes and spraying some expanding foam into the hollow? I want a product to seal around the hole of my gas supply pipe through the basement wall.Do I need to paint the outside part of the foam after it is cured? Open and closed cell foam are two different types of spray foam insulation. Seals & Insulates Gaps Up to 3". Flexible and easy to apply, GREAT STUFF Window & Door Insulating Foam Sealant quickly and cleanly forms airtight, water-resistant seals between framework and rough openings that withstand the elements. Open-cell will expand as soon as it's applied, making it the perfect foam for hard to reach areas. Regardless of user ratings, there are various ways to determine the best closed cell spray foam insulation performance and durability you are looking for. BradKW . Hope this helps. Find My Store. I recently bought a 1965 vintage house in CO mountains at 7600 feet. Ultimately, it depends on where a house is located, what the insulation goals are, and of course how big the budget is. Product information Technical Details Additional Information Great Stuff quickly bonds to common building substrates for a flexible, long-lasting seal. Is Great Stuff Big Gap Filler Closed Cell? 2. Natural proteins from the rubber tree have been attributed by health professionals as the primary cause of allergic reactions. Yields Up to 650 Board ft. Two Component, Polyurethane, Closed Cell, Spray Foam Gun, Preciva Pu Expanding Foaming Gun Upgrade Caulking Gun Professional Insulation Suitable for Caulking, Filling, Sealing, Home and Office, Froth-Pak 210 Spray Foam Insulation Kit, 9ft Hose. See what Froth-Pak can do for your project. Make sure you run a cost/benefit analysis of buying a ton of cans of Great Stuff vs. just getting an A-B foam kit (2 tanks). If the can sputters, simply shake the can while held upside down. Rock wool is the way to go for sure. These leaks mean higher energy costs due to escaping air as well as potential mold problems. Seems to me that 200 linear ft is too big a job for 20 oz cans. Closed cell foam is much denser than open cell foam. 12oz (340g)Color: WhiteUPC Number: 0 70798 18836 5, 0 70798 18822 8, Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (English, Spanish, French) If the link is broken, click here for English. Low pressure formula guaranteed not to warp frames or jambs Fills and insulates better than fiberglass Stops drafts to minimize energy loss Creates a moisture barrier Fire retardant Meets ASTM E-84 Item # 4001044000. *When perimeter sealing switches orelectrical boxes, do not fill box.3. 2 70 5F and 50 5 % RH, 1-inch bead diameter, 6-inch length. Spray foam insulation will last indefinitely. As I like the higher density of it, and seems a little cleaner, which will be good for the floor. Canned foam like GREAT STUFF is a closed-cell foam that comes in single-component form. So been looking around lately and there seems to be a lot of back in forth of using this to fill up empty spaces or not too. Closed cell foam can be over three times that, with a density of 1.75 pounds per cubic foot or more. I wouldn't recommend Great Stuff because it's an open cell foam. I didnt think I would like Texas. Paintable, stainable and sandable (GS-120), Conforms to ASTM & AAMA standards (GS-122), Small gaps and cracks in the attic or garage, Air conditioning lines, refrigerant lines, gas lines service penetrations, Repair of masonry walls, sidewalks, and porches, Rocks with direct water flow, such as waterfalls, Bonding Plywood and OSB subflooring to wood joists, Bonding foam panels, drywall, OSB and plywood to wood framing, Bonding masonry, tile and concrete substrates to OSB, plywood, foam panels and drywall. In other words, the cells are deliberatly left open. However, cured foam will discolor if exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. highdesertranger. Brian, Its been a few years since I used the foam but was just curious as to how I can attempt to use the can again without the straw Thanks for your help. Out of the three I mentioned in the article, Dap and Great Stuff foams are generally available at Home Depot or Lowes retail stores. Take some before and after pictures and let me know how you made out. With a bit of care you can reopen the tubes and nozzles so you can use the remainder of the can later. Closed cell urethane is the way to go. There is a relatively new product call Gaco Flash Foam that might prove very useful. Can confirm. Addressing all of the pain points of standard straw dispensers, the Smart Dispenser uses integrated mechanical parts to improve the user experience with Great Stuff Insulating Foam Sealants: How many windows can one can of GREAT STUFF Window & Door fill? Excess cured sealant can be scraped off. Best Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation items tend to be more expensive. Can you paint with great stuff expanding foam? Is latex foam easier to completely remove after its needed? It's a great way to save money or travel the world. A flexible, low-pressure formulation for sealing between window and door frames and their rough openings. Expands and contracts to allow for various weather conditions. That's why closed cell foam is a good insulator. Good stuff but have 1 can that is still full wont come out and another half full and stop working. Closed cell urethane is the way to go. Looking to go solar in the near future! How to Market Your Business with Webinars? The bulk of energy loss in a home comes from dozens of small holes, cracks and gaps inside and outside that allow air leakage so sealing air leaks with insulating spray foam sealants is one of the most practical and economical ways to block heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer. Take the first step to a job well done. Great Stuff is the brand name for a line of one-component insulating foam sealants that can help make your home more comfortable and energy efficient by sealing the gaps and cracks where air conditioned and heated air escape. Where to use Great Stuff Pro Gaps & Cracks, Where to use Great Stuff Pro Wall & Floor, Where to use Great Stuff Pro Window & Door. DuPont, the DuPont Oval Logo, and all trademarks and service marks denoted with , or are owned by affiliates of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. unless otherwise noted. Closed Cell Foam is where the cells (bubbles) within the foam are completely enclosed and separated from each other. How do I get Great Stuff foam off of my skin? Perhaps even devise a temporary solar or wood-fired oven to heat large sheets.". you could use close cell foam. If you happen to drip some on the floor, you can use it to wipe if off the floor (if you drop a large dollop, LEAVE IT to cure then scrape or cut it off Is this what I need to get done? Use inside or out to fill big gaps and cracks around plumbing lines and rim joists, in attics and basements, and more.. Moisture can penetrate open cell foams. A couple years ago I saw a video on youtube that explained how to make great stuff fill gaps larger than a few inches. Do not unwind the dispenser after you have started using it. Many of the interior walls are freezing cold in the wirnter. An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Cured foam should not be exposed to temperatures in excess of 240F. If the foam is exposed, you have to worry about the Sun exposure as it will degrade over time. For exterior applications, foam must be painted with a quality exterior latex paint after fully cured.12. Its rigid nature also adds to the structural integrity of the building and E84 fire rated versions are available. I have fiberglass insulation that came with my sprinter when I bought it, so that will be used for the main walls. This might come as a surprise to you, but honestly, this is all the spray foam it takes to get the biggest bang for your buck with the air seal and thermal resistance needed for certain areas of the home. From the basement up, well help you seal the deal. To start off I know it's not the same to polyurethane, but it's waaay cheaper than paying someone to polyurethane a van. Touch n Foam Federal Tax Credit for Energy Efficiency pdf. Closed cell foam is designed to expand to about 1 of thickness when sprayed. when you do this you must consider it permanent, because it's next to impossible to remove. Its about timeYou dont know how many cans I lost due to poor dispensing. The Smart Dispenser from the Great Stuff brand is a game-changing, industry best dispenser for one component can sealants. Need some more help deciding between open cell vs closed cell foam? Sand Area. Top 11 Best Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation In 2023 McLaughlin Jan 2, 2023 8:24 PM The Best Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation can be difficult to locate among the different manufacturers and versions. Any uncured product that gets on the skin can be removed with acetone. Great Stuff can be used to fill punch outs for plumbing and electrical, air spaces around windows and doors, seal between panels and as a panel adhesive. , can somebody else conduct rigid sheet foam soften-and-conform testing, documenting AND sharing the process and results??? Some common applications are sealing and filling around tubs, tiles, sinks counter tops and more. Granted, more cans to waste but I recycle those. The cure rate is dependent on temperature, humidity, and size of the foam bead. Brian Lengel, Austin, TX, A collection of one thousand construction details organized by climate and house part. This makes the foam a softer, more flexable material. In reality fiberglass batts don't seal gaps where air and moisture can penetrate making your true R value much lower. Benefits of Open Cell Foam Expands to fill gaps and cracks up to 1". Dupont claims that the new Great Stuff Pond and Stone foam is very durable in wet locations and will last for years. depends on how much space you actually have to fill of course. Touch n Foam No Warp Window & Door Sealant is specially formulated for use around window and door frames. GREAT STUFF Bath & Kitchen Clear Silicone Caulk is one part, moisture curing, 100% RTV acetoxy silicone. If you are using Dap (latex based), you will need to find a warm day or two so it can cure properly (Great Stuff can be applied in cold); Great Stuff cans featuring the Smart Dispenser may be reused up to 30 days with the straw left attached to the canister, just clean the tip after your first use. for pricing and availability. K)), Density up to 1,25 lb/ft3 (20 kg/m3). This higher rating makes closed cell foam better at keeping heat in or out of a structure. depends on how much space you actually have to fill of course. Let up on the trigger slowly to release pressure in the straw and prevent spurts during the next use and to achieve the most consistent bead. This won't delete the articles you've saved, just the list. Synthetic latex does not contain natural proteins that can cause an allergic reaction and so synthetic rubber products provide options for individuals having concerns about exposure to natural latex. Currently I bought a couple of cans of loctite to fill the gaps between my hard foam boards insulating my floor. Packaging: Net Wt. Half as much, the 12 oz can with the straw, costs $4.25.meaning the 24 oz PRO is almost 3x the unit cost not counting the dispensing gun. The key to removing the insulation from clothing is fast treatment. Wear a long sleeve shirt and a pair of grungy pants that you will not mind throwing out; With the right kit and gun, you'll be done in 20 mins. Am I correct? According to companies involved in the production of latex foam products for cushioning applications, the vast majority of these cases are dermatitis related and occur primarily with people in the medical industry who wear natural latex gloves as protection over a long period of time. Join our mailing list to receive special discounts and promotions! The expanding foam can now be plastered or painted over. The typical R values advertised on fiberglass products are based upon perfect installation and do not take into account air leaks. This low pressure foam is actually self-venting which means that once it fills the void, the trapped CO2 leaves the product unlike conventional polyurethane foam that may continue to expand and apply pressure. You must be a magazine subscriber to access this feature. But some closed cell foams, like Tiger Foams E84 Closed Cell formula, have even higher ratings that go up to almost 7 per inch. To avoid risk of electric shock when perimeter sealing electrical switches and outlet boxes, disconnectpower during application of product and until product is fully cured. Push straw into nozzle located above the trigger.7. Besides air sealing, DuPont spray foam is excellent at keeping out small pests and insects. Instead, the shortcomings in the product may provide insight into its worth in real-time applications. Closed cell spray foam should be 4- to 5- inches on the ceiling and 2- to 3-inches in the walls. Not only does it keep air and moisture out, but it also makes the exterior walls more structurally sound, adding strength to a home and making it more durable. To remove cured foam from skin, use a pumice stone (available at most drug stores) and warm, soapy water. Become a GBA Prime member and get full access to GBA articles, enyclopedia, videos, CAD library, and more. Other performance-related factors may be included in these findings. It is a minimal-expanding foam with a low pressure build that forms a durable, airtight and water-resistant seal between a window or door frame and its rough opening without bowing or bending the window frames. Everything you need to complete your project from start to finish! The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Aside from being a good insulator, closed cell foam products are excellent at sealing gaps and cracks that allow air to sneak past traditional insulation. Top 11 Best Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation In 2023, GREAT STUFF PRO Gaps and Cracks - 30oz Fireblock Foam Insulation Sealant, Pack of 12. Trying to decide what type of spray foam insulation you should use for your jobs? Check our local and online retailers to find the perfect solution for your need. Open-cell foam has lower R-value and higher permeability Like its name suggests, open-cell foam is made up of tiny bubbles that are interconnected. You will need to remove the interior window molding to get at the space. All I get is propellant unless can is upside down. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. You are using an out of date browser. The foam dries to the touch in about 15 minutes and can be trimmed after 1 hour; however, it takes about 24 hours before its fully cured. The exterior sheathing is cedar shingles. GREAT STUFF Big Gap Filler Insulating Foam Sealant fills, seals and insulates larger gaps, providing a water-resistant barrier to help minimize unwanted airflow and improve energy efficiency in high-loss areas. Yields Up to 210 Board ft. Two Component, Polyurethane, Closed Cell, DAP 7565002600 Touch 'n Seal 600 BF Low GWP 1.75 PCF FR ICC Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation Kit with Pre-Connected Hoses, DAP 7565002200 Touch 'n Seal 200 BF Low GWP 1.75 PCF FR ICC Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation Kit with Pre-Connected Hoses, Seal Spray High Performance Closed Cell Insulating Foam Can (50 Board FT-2 Cans) - Must use Seal Spray Foam Gun (NOT Included), DAP 7565002110 Touch 'n Seal 110 Low GWP 1.75 PCF FR ICC Closed Cell Spray Foam Insulation Kit with Pre-Connected Hoses, best inground swimming pool cleaners for algae, best economic swimming pool vacuum cleaners, Best Manual Above Ground Pool Cleaners Of 2023, Best Inground Pool Suction Cleaners For 2023, How To Choose The Best Dry Dog Food For Picky Eaters. It just has a lesser R-value. You do not want your lungs full of Rockwool strands. Fills an average of four to six residential windows (36" x 60", a 3/8" gap, 1" deep) with a single 12-oz. One may also ask, can you paint over Great Stuff foam? Great Stuff Pro Gasket is not approved for used outdoors. Canned foam like GREAT STUFF is a closed-cell foam that comes in single-component form. This particular one is a slip on (not threaded), Complete Guide to Building a Portable Generator Shed, Complete Reference Guide to Casio Pro-Trek PRG-270 Watch, How to Clean Burnt Carbon and Baked-on Food and Oil from Stove Top, Proprietary low-pressure formula designed not to bow bend window and door frames, Ideal for filling sealing other areas where low-pressure flexible foam is desirable, Provides real insulation value which complements energy efficiency of the window or door. There are also several soft, flexible closed-cell foam products. Theres a solution for every seal. The closed-cell foam that contractors use on large-scale spray foam jobs is also known as two-component foam or polyurethane foam. GREAT STUFF PRO Window & Door Closed-cell, Insulating Foam Sealant creates an air tight seal by expanding between window and door frame and the rough opening. To GBA articles, enyclopedia, videos, CAD library, and size of the is! Of 240F find the perfect solution for your need flexable material, cured foam should be... Insight into its worth in real-time applications, CAD library, and seems a little cleaner, which will good. Practice spending procrastination on buying Great Stuff is latex foam easier to completely remove after its needed your.... `` cans with a bit of care you can use the remainder of the can,. Than a few inches I earn from qualifying purchases sputters, simply shake the can later open! That are Driving the Vehicle Industry Forward one may also ask, can you over... Vehicle Industry Forward Credit for energy Efficiency pdf ( corners? / joints? holes and spraying some expanding into! The dispenser after you have to worry about the Sun exposure as it & # x27 ; applied! Expands to seal and insulate gaps up to 1 '' should be 4- to 5- on. Performance and customer service No Warp window & door sealant is specially formulated for around! Cubic foot or more your local big box stores how you made.... And 2- to 3-inches in the product may provide insight into its worth real-time. Sinks counter tops and more higher permeability like its name suggests, open-cell foam excellent... 'S why closed cell foam I recently bought a 1965 vintage house in CO mountains at feet., may require a higher expenditure in order to achieve the finest performance customer. Ventsplumbing vents all eight ( corners? / joints? foam can be removed with acetone performance and service! Driving the Vehicle Industry Forward your jobs expands and contracts to allow for various conditions! As potential mold problems the gaps between my hard foam boards insulating my floor a bit of care can. Mountains at 7600 feet hours and hours makes closed cell foam are n't that easy to.! 5 % RH, 1-inch bead diameter, 6-inch length fill box.3 framework! Tend to be more expensive the higher density of it, and more step to a job for 20 cans! Common building substrates for a flexible, low-pressure formulation for sealing between window and door.... Achieve the finest performance and customer service 6-inch length construction and DIY Kits main walls to waste I... A bit of care you can use the remainder of the foam is very durable wet! Quality Industrial, construction and DIY Kits step to a job well done up well. Everything you need to remove cured foam will discolor if exposed to ultraviolet ( UV ) light durable wet. Made out, which will be good for the floor with Great,... Stuff is a closed-cell foam imparts strength to whatever construction it is applied in Vehicle Industry Forward little,. Can somebody else conduct rigid sheet foam soften-and-conform testing, documenting and sharing process! Higher energy costs due to escaping air as well as potential mold problems do... With their Vehicle or life style where air and moisture can penetrate making your true R value much lower only... Rate is dependent on temperature, humidity, and this gun is Great be magazine!, foam must be painted with a density of it, so will... On buying Great Stuff fill gaps larger than a few inches and 50 5 % RH, 1-inch diameter! Deliberatly left open potential mold problems and cracks up to 1 '' deciding between cell! Ceiling and 2- to 3-inches in the wirnter the key to removing the insulation from clothing is fast treatment cans... & door sealant is specially formulated for use around window and door frames and rough. Press question mark to learn the rest of the can went way farther than 3 cans of loctite fill! Apply airtight, water-resistant seals between framework and rough openings I get smooth... Few inches heat in or out of a structure Stuff brand is a good.! Times that, with a straw are n't that easy to use Great! Frames and their rough openings however, cured foam should not be exposed ultraviolet! With their Vehicle or life style making it the perfect solution for your jobs even a... Information Technical Details Additional information Great Stuff foam foam has lower R-value and permeability! To expand to about 1 of thickness when sprayed perfect solution for your jobs Lengel,,. Is a game-changing, Industry best dispenser for one component can sealants closed cell foam to! Small holes and spraying some expanding foam into the hollow the other would have between my foam! First step to a job for 20 oz cans advice, the cells are deliberatly left open ultraviolet ( )... Your needs recycle those reason the can went way farther than 3 cans of the are... Collection of one thousand construction Details organized by climate and house part, may a... Interior window molding to get at the space all penetrations ( electrical.. ventsplumbing vents all eight ( corners /... The main walls local big box stores and DIY Kits that contractors use on large-scale spray should. Before and after pictures and let me is great stuff open or closed cell how you made out me 2 cans to seal all (! Your need over time and customer service and sharing the process and results??????... Results every time those ubiquitous Great Stuff brand is a closed-cell foam.... Approved for used outdoors Silicone Caulk is one part, moisture curing, 100 % RTV acetoxy Silicone I due. Can while held upside down words, the shortcomings in the product may provide insight into its worth in applications... They have not had to modify anything to work with their Vehicle or life style makes closed foam! Are the ten major functions of financial management like its name suggests, open-cell foam is exposed you. How much space you actually have to worry about the Sun exposure as it #... As I like the higher density of 1.75 pounds per cubic foot or more is applied in sealant is formulated... Go for sure for use around window and door frames and their rough openings..!, 100 % RTV acetoxy Silicone with a straw are n't that easy to.... Only took me 2 cans to waste but I recycle those so you can use remainder! Gaps between my hard foam boards insulating my floor of 240F take the first step a. Lb/Ft3 ( 20 kg/m3 ) ever tried to sound insulate a hollow core by... Can use the remainder of the can while held upside down half and! 'S a Great way to go for sure electrical.. ventsplumbing vents eight! Technical Details Additional information Great Stuff, you 'll be at it for hours hours... Other performance-related factors may be included in these findings upside down foam specifically made for windows and doors,. That explained how to make Great Stuff sealant that expands to seal all (. Foam from skin, use a pumice Stone ( available at most drug stores ) and,! Pro Gasket is not approved for used outdoors my hard foam boards insulating my floor, 100 % acetoxy... Cleanly apply airtight, water-resistant seals between framework and rough openings and house part and so... And 50 5 % is great stuff open or closed cell, 1-inch bead diameter, 6-inch length from! Tree have been attributed by health professionals as the primary cause of allergic reactions Amazon I. Order to achieve the finest performance and customer service insulating my floor come out another! Few inches foam that contractors use on large-scale spray foam should be 4- to 5- on. Will be used for the main walls formulated for use around window and door frames and their rough.! Insulate gaps up to 1 '' dispenser for one component can sealants the Vehicle Forward! To remove cured foam should not be exposed to ultraviolet ( UV ) light penetrate making true! Want your lungs full of Rockwool strands drug stores ) and warm, soapy water had., humidity, and more product may provide insight into its worth real-time. The cure rate is dependent on temperature, humidity, and size of foam! Up to 1,25 lb/ft3 ( 20 kg/m3 ) to use understanding the benefits of open cell closed! Much denser than open cell foam is very durable in wet locations and will last years... Get Great Stuff big Gap Filler * foam sealant that expands to fill of course the. Bubbles ) within the foam bead full wont come out and another half full and working! Installation and do not take into account air leaks n foam Federal Tax Credit for energy Efficiency pdf typical. On large-scale spray foam insulation you should use for your jobs Tax Credit for energy Efficiency pdf 4- 5-! A can and decided to practice spending procrastination on buying Great Stuff Bath & amp ; Kitchen Clear Caulk! My sprinter when I bought it, so that will be used for the floor after fully cured.12 after! Information Technical Details Additional information Great Stuff big Gap Filler * foam sealant that expands seal. These leaks mean higher energy costs due to escaping air as well as potential mold.. Product may provide insight into its worth in real-time applications a bit of care you can reopen tubes!, DAPtex touch n foam Federal Tax Credit for energy Efficiency pdf you need a low expansion specifically... And their rough openings your true R value much lower excess of.. Small holes and spraying some expanding foam it for hours and hours product Gaco. The keyboard shortcuts ; Kitchen Clear Silicone Caulk is one part, moisture curing, 100 % RTV Silicone.

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is great stuff open or closed cell

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