Friedrich Philipp Scharnhorst (1666 - Unknown) How do we create a person's profile? 1807 in anderen Kalendern. During the Battle of the North Cape (26 December 1943), the Royal Navy battleship HMSDuke of York and her escorts sank Scharnhorst. There was a problem getting your location. According to Clausewitz, Scharnhorst was one of the first to realize that most of the key technological and tactical changes were present before the French Revolution; it was the political upheaval that multiplied their destructive capacities. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. [20] On 7 June, the squadron rendezvoused with the tanker Dithmarschen to refuel Admiral Hipper and the four destroyers. These rescue operations were interrupted by the appearance of the cruiser Newcastle. The Luftwaffe had been seriously weakened by four long years of war, and increasing Allied anti-submarine capabilities were steadily degrading the effectiveness of the U-boats. The ship was built at the Kriegsmarinewerft dockyard in Wilhelmshaven; she was laid down on 15 June 1935 and launched a year and four months later on 3 October 1936. After a day of steaming west, the ships turned south and rendezvoused with Admiral Hipper on 12 April. [3] Her standard crew numbered 56 officers and 1,613 enlisted men, augmented during the war to 60 officers and 1,780 men. She managed to add 5,000m (5,500yd) to the distance between her and Duke of York, while straddling the ship with several salvos. Michael Schoy. 2015-4 as an independent and autonomous entity within MDHHS. Christian J Scharnhorst was born on month day 1834, at birth place, to Christian Scharnhorst and Dorothy Scharnhorst (born Krager). For the latter requires judgement, which is developed through repeated study of military incidents, and a great amount of past facts that we have to keep in mind. However, infection subsequently developed, and, on June 28 in Prague, he unexpectedly died. Geni requires JavaScript! The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. They would, perhaps, never dare an audacious thought because no similar case from history, crowned with success, gives them the necessary confidence. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. [52] Another attempt to reach Norway was canceled under similar circumstances. The torpedoes slowed Scharnhorst to 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), which allowed Duke of York to close to 9,100m (10,000yd). Erich Bey, by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the task force. [70] Shortly thereafter, another 14in shell struck the ventilation trunk attached to Bruno, which caused the turret to be flooded with noxious propellant gases every time the breeches were opened. Scharnhorsts solution to dodge the restriction was every few months to send on leave veteran soldiers while their companies mustered and educated a batch of new recruits (the so-caller Krmpersystem). The next day, the British trawler HMTJuniper was discovered and sunk, along with the oil tanker Oil Pioneer. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). Later that day, reconnaissance aircraft located a convoy of some 20 transports escorted by cruisers and destroyers approximately 400 nautical miles (740 kilometres; 460 miles) west of Troms. Year should not be greater than current year. [14] Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977),24. Richard married Florence Scharnhorst (born 'Scharnhorst') . [9], Scharnhorst was ordered as Ersatz Elsass as a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought Elsass, under the contract name "D."[4] The Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. As Gudmundsson writes: In dEstorffs view, the ability of a leader to succeed in the small war was dependent on their ability to make, in a very short period of time, an accurate estimate of the tactical possibilities of a particular piece of ground, a faculty that he, like so many of his contemporaries, called by the French coup doeil (or strike of the eye). Friedrich Scharnhorst (1809 - 1871) How do we create a person's profile? 76 Squadron RAF flew the extra 200 miles (320km) to reach Scharnhorst and the rest of the raid on Brest went ahead as planned, with Prinz Eugen and Gneisenau as their principal targets. Scharnhorst believed in military historys crucial role in the education of military professionals, for it could provide them with an opportunity to study wars complex conditions. 1 (1832): 214. The flooding caused a 5degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced Scharnhorst to reduce speed to 20 knots (37km/h; 23mph). [5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. In early February, minesweepers swept a route through the English Channel undetected by the British. and trans. Armenischer Kalender. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. While his position as a mentor to Clausewitz is of no small significance, Scharnhorst deserves recognition for his ideas, and they should be studied in their own right. Shortly before 12:25, Scharnhorst hit Norfolk twice with 28cm shells. Learn more about merges. [12], To fulfill his reform agenda, Scharnhorst surrounded himself with a group of talented officers, some of them his former students. The Germans' radar detected the British at long range, which allowed Ltjens to avoid the British patrols, with the aid of a squall. Gneisenau was still being repaired following torpedo damage on 6 April and bomb damage on 910 April. [5] It would be this generous behavior Scharnhorst would replicate later when interacting with students and subordinates. Bernd von Arnim, Paul Jakobi, Friedrich Eckoldt, Erich Steinbrinck, Diether von Roeder and Max Schulz. Catharina was born circa 1744. Unbeknown to the Germans, the British were able to read the ciphered Enigma radio transmissions between Scharnhorst and the Fleet Command; Admirals Robert Burnett and Bruce Fraser were aware of Bey's plan for the attack on the convoy and could position their forces accordingly. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. The newly built anti-Napoleonic coalition was far from strong or successful in all of its actions, but its spirit had changed. Friedrich Armand Strubberg: Carl Scharnhorst. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm III's offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. No one knew how well he would perform in a real war, however. How uncertain and fearful they are in undertaking something the circumstances require, but they have never encountered in the span of their life. All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. At 17:03, Scharnhorst opened fire, and three minutes later a salvo of her 28cm guns hit Rawalpindi's bridge, killing the captain Edward Coverly Kennedy, and the majority of the officers. [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. [18] Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 235. Johann was born on July 23 1748, in Bordenau, Hannover, Preussen, Germany. New York Times bestselling author Anne Perry merges family secrets with suspense on the world stage, as darkness bubbles under the surface of a Europe on the brink of change. 1804 it was first found in the archives and published in Rudolf Stadelmann, Scharnhorst: Schicksal und Geistige Welt (Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1952), 155-156. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. The shell struck the carrier's upper hangar and started a large fire. The design also enabled the ship to be up-gunned with six 15-inch guns, which never took place. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Napoleons glorious victory in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt shattered the old Frederician state. Two men were killed and fifteen were injured in the attack. [17], She was then assigned to the forces participating in Operation Weserbung, the invasion of Denmark and Norway. Races entered: 1: Wins: 0: Podiums: 0: [71], "Gentlemen, the battle against the Scharnhorst has ended in victory for us. This caused flooding in the bow and damaged electrical systems in the forward gun turret. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? While furthering his own education, "learning by teaching" is Michael Schoy's phrase, he gained a reputation as a pioneering military educator. Hannahwas born in February 1840, in Germany. It also exploded on the armored deck and tore a small hole in it. [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. Make sure that the file is a photo. The Inspector General Administration is a criminal justice agency established in 1972 and expanded in 2015 via Executive Order No. Scharnhorst harbored a deep conviction that education and knowledge could empower officers and help them navigate a complex field. [5] Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 4. Father of Hinrich Scharnhorst; Jochen Scharnhorst; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert Scharnhorst. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. [16], The destruction of the Grande Arme in Russia in 1812 finally provided Prussian reformers with an opportunity to create the long-sought peoples army. Through reminiscences of a hundred possible but unlikely disasters, they make the general they support anxious. The most famous act of the turbulent era, the Oktoberedikt from 1807, aimed at overhauling the ineffective and backward Prussian agrarian system and releasing the economic and patriotic energies of its subjects. In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. In addition, Tirpitz was still working up and not ready for service; Ltzow had been seriously damaged by a torpedo on 13 June 1941; Admiral Scheer and Admiral Hipper were in dockyards for maintenance. The original straight stem was replaced with a raised "Atlantic bow." [10] Carl von Clausewitz, On War, edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 141. Please try again later. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. On Prince Augusts colorful life and achievements, Eve Haas and Herzeleide Henning, Prinz August von Preussen (Berlin: Schlapp Verlag, 1988). He died on 7 April 1991, in Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany, at the age of 88. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. This meant Hanoverian soldiers had to prepare for active service in unfamiliar places and learn how to conduct the so-called small war or petty warfare: reconnaissance patrols, raids, and other small-scale operations. Preliminary repairs were completed by 20 June, which permitted the ship to return to Germany. Once the ship was back under way, twelve Beauforts launched a 10-minute attack that was beaten off by anti-aircraft fire and the escorting Luftwaffe fighters. cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Repairs were quickly completed, and on 22 January 1941, the two ships, under the command of Admiral Gnther Ltjens, left port for the North Atlantic. [40][41][42], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. With this series, The Strategy Bridge strives to fill this gap. Malaya turned on the two battleships and closed to 24,000m (26,000yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns, but Ltjens refused to be drawn into an engagement. At 16:50, Duke of York opened fire at a range of 11,000m (12,000yd); Scharnhorst quickly returned the fire. It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). He received a wound in the foot in the Battle of Grossgrschen on May 2, 1813, not serious enough to stop him from traveling on a diplomatic mission. Attributed to having been responsible for sending tens of thousands to their deaths, avoided justice by working for the Allied powers as an "Intelligence Source" on the Soviets. The cruiser opened fire three minutes later, followed by Norfolk two minutes after. Invalid memorial. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. [45] The torpedo boats were led by Kapitn Erich Bey, aboard the destroyer Z29. This was in accordance with the "hail of fire" theory, which emphasized smaller, rapid firing guns over larger and slower guns. Two days later, Scharnhorst went to Kiel for permanent repairs. In 1808, the commission announced sweeping measures, including: appointments based on meritocracy and a phasing-out of the nobilitys privileged access over the officer corps; a new emphasis on education and training; and abandonment of the most severe corporal punishments. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. GREAT NEWS! We have set your language to [9] Anonymous (Marie von Clausewitz), Erinnerung an den General Clausewitz und sein Verhltnis zu Scharnhorst, Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift, Vol. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. Vanya Eftimova Bellinger is the author of Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War. [77], Coordinates: 7216N 2841E / 72.267N 28.683E / 72.267; 28.683, encountered the British battlecruiser HMS, "How Germany's feared Scharnhorst ship was sunk in WWII", "The Sinking of the 'Scharnhorst', Wreck discovery", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_battleship_Scharnhorst&oldid=1133412044, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 17:33. He had at least 1 son with Anna. Another feature of the Prussian General System was that the chief of staff served not as a mere translator and executor of his commanders wishesas was the case for Napoleon and Berthierbut as his closest partner and adviser. [68] The first shell hit the forward superstructure and disabled Norfolk's gunnery radar. They had 8 children: Henry F Scharnhorst, Wilhelmina or Minnie Gnuse (born Scharnhorst)and 6 other children. A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. The Education of the Enlightened Soldier. MCU Journal Vol. At 03:19, Bey received instructions from the Fleet Command that Scharnhorst was to conduct the attack alone if heavy seas interfered with the destroyers' ability to fight. At 05:18, the British battlecruiser shifted fire to Scharnhorst, which maneuvered to avoid the falling shells. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977. The other seven made it past the air defenses and attacked Scharnhorst, but only scored one hit, and the bomb failed to detonate. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. German aircraft arrived later to jam British radar with chaff. He passed away on 29 APR 1889. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. She was 234.9m (770ft 8in) long overall and had a beam of 30m (98ft 5in) and a maximum draft of 9.9m (32ft 6in). 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