CLICK TO VIEW ANSWERS TO PART 2, 1. 4-14. The analysis is based on a qualitative historical analysis of four case studies on the northern Ghana conflicts. Over the next 26 years, Ghana experienced four more successful military coups as well as two failed attempts, with the last coup attempt staged in 1983[2]. Organizational sources of conflict occur when departments are differentiated in their goals. Conflict occurs when different ideas or actions cause disagreement or lead to unrest. How Entrepreneurs Can Profit from Proceeding with Education, Here Are Top 5 Reasons Getting a Graduate Education Online Benefits Your Home Business, What We Need More in Education: Genuine Qualities, Step by step instructions to Proceed Your Education Online: Tools, Applications, and Tricks of the trade to Attempt. Conflict itself is neither good nor bad. ISSN 2029-0365 . The analysis suggests that almost all the respondants are of the view that an impending major conflict is likely to occur in the Northern Region. It is also called a process because it begins with one party perceiving the other to oppose . By its size Nigeria has economies of scale over Ghana; however, Ghana is more proficient in terms of the ECOWAS regional integration program. Politics is the hashing out of the . Finally, have students write a short (about one paragraph) reflection about conflict in the world today. Recognising the fact that around half of all states that emerged from civil war in the new international setting were likely to fall back into conflict within five years, the international community approved the establishment of the PBC. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. (a) Reasons for saving However, these efforts did not yield the desired results, due largely to the shortcomings of military government, which is characterised by deficient structural checks and balances. SECTION III. Retirement Compensation Systems: 401(k) and Pensions. In such circumstances, prices of the few goods and services on the market are greatly hiked (increased), thereby creating intense economic hardship in the nation. (iii) Increased environmental degradation The era following Ghanas independence was characterised by authoritarian rule: Nkrumah introduced a one-party state and promulgating laws legitimizing detention without trial for up to five years. Others include peace as gaia (balance in and with the ecosphere), inner peace (spiritual peace) and as wholeness (making whole). source of worry. If an organization is looking to hire people that fit with the company culture, then chances are good youll get along with most of them! Discover sources of the four main types of conflict: interpersonal, intrapersonal, intergroup, and intragroup. Hn@s lfB* Ghanas efforts to address its early post-independence challenges have not been in vain. 6. Land has remained a thorny social, economic and political issue which has generated a lot of ethnic conflicts between Konkombas and Bimobas, Konkombas and Dagombas, Konkombas and Nanumbas, Konkombas and Gonjas, Gonjas and Nawuris and recently Konkombas and Nawuris. (a) Problems created in the urban areas by rural-urban migration When looking for the source of a conflict, it's important to remember that the different types of conflict reflect where the conflict originates (internally or externally) and the number of people involved (personal or group). The Political Origins of African Military Coups: Ethnic Competition, Military Centrality, and the Struggle over the Postcolonial State, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. Identify four sources of conflicts in Ghana, (b) Explain four effects of conflicts in Ghana, (b) ECOWAS, on the Africa Regional Integration Index Website, viewed on the 15 October 2018, from https://www.integrate-africa.org/. Displacements of persons occur when people move out of their usual places of abode/ work, due to conflict, to reside in other areas they consider safer or more peaceful. Political stability and the entrenched rule of law is vital to maintain peace and stimulate economic growth within the country. You want the difference of opinion to possibly identify new and different ways of doing things but you have to be prepared to deal with the conflict that occurs when passionate, committed people come together to solve a problem or address an issue. (v) The introduction of Conditional Sales (forced buying of unneeded items, before buying what was actually needed) | 9 Intragroup power struggles occur when one person attempts to seize control from another person (like when a CEO is replaced by the board of directors). There is the need for the provision of new and improved social amenities (modern infrastructure) such as public toilets, schools, potable water, electricity, information and communication services, recreational centres, etc, in the rural areas. Such requirements are included to safeguard against unwarranted military appraisal and to prevent dictatorships from emerging. Ghana, just like its neighboring countries, is blessed with abundance of natural resources such as gold, silver, manganese, bauxite, timber, petroleum, fish, rubber, salt, limestone, industrial diamonds, etc. Identify four sources of conflicts in Ghana (b) Explain four effects of conflicts in Ghana. An analysis of inter-ethnic conflicts in Northern Region reveals a pattern of struggle for paramountcy and autonomy. If one team deviates from those standards, then it creates conflict with the other two groups. Depending on the type of conflict, you can choose a different course of action. A Critique of the Africanisation of the South Pacific Thesis, The Role of the Natural Resource Curse in Preventing Development in Politically Unstable Countries: Case Studies of Angola and Bolivia, Forced Migration and Armed Conflict: Refugee-Warriors in Guinea (2006), Negotiation and Mediation of violent Conflicts: A case study of Burundi and Kenya, Coup Risk Counterbalancing International Conflict, External Stakeholder Impacts on Official and Non-Official Third-Party Interventions to Resolve Malignant Conflicts: The case of a failed intervention in Cyprus, The path to secession in Africa: the case of Sudan and Nigeria, Regionalization of Conflict in South Sudan, Analysis of effectiveness of AU in the resolution of conflicts in Africa, Understanding obstacles to peace : actors, interests, and strategies in Africa's Great Lakes region. All rights reserved. Stronger relations began after the end of the civil war in 2002. Introduction. The UN began a process of reform, searching for ways in which the organisation could be adapted to meet the realities of this changing international environment. The new places they move to, even though it may be safer or more peaceful, may be less comfortable for them, since they may not get the basic necessities, pleasures or social environment they are used to in their original places. Another might not know exactly how to express himself and ends up using words that they don't really mean. These states were viewed as a significant threat to regional and global stability. It can be a slight conflict that causes no harm or an egregious conflict that results in irreparable damage. Rural dwellers would therefore be enticed to stay. Since the first republican Constitution in. Ghana's current image of peace and stability is worthy of attention. Thats not the case in many organizations. 0000003507 00000 n Data-type or about facts or laws 3. (2012). A strong correlation between economic performance and conflict has been a feature throughout Ghanas history. Resource scarcity also leads to conflict. If there arent enough material and supplies for every worker, then those who do get resources and those who dont are likely to experience conflict. xb```b``m``e`cc@ >6 X `h`pFAfLlTn{`93jo}#:11=T05 0000006047 00000 n Accurate and balanced analysis of the political economy in Zimbabwe. What is needed in these modern times is the introduction of current state-of- the-art technology and implements in the agricultural sector in the rural areas. Conflict arises. Quite a number of rural folks migrate to the urban areas without even knowing what awaits There are several common causes of conflict at work, but most are categorised by who in the workplace is involved. 15, pp. Its chief responsibility was to organise the multitude of international actors who inevitably become involved in peacebuilding operations, and in doing so, improve levels of coherence and coordination. Global Academic Society Journal: Social Science Insight, Vol. Was there conflict in it? Of all the ethnic groups, the Ashanti were known for the numerous wars they fought when Ghana was called the Gold Coast (British Colony). Accept. The prefix intra- relates to internal origination. In the second half of FY2016 and after having been hard hit by lower global oil prices, Angola announced its FY2017 national budget of an estimated USD 44.22 billion. They conquered many lands because they possessed more power than other ethnic groups mainly because of their number and the vastness of their empire. Strikes are a temporary cessation of work by a group of employees in order to express grievances or to enforce a demand concerning changes in work conditions. Hence, there is no political consistency. Ethnic conflict exists in every country and Ghana is just one of them. An error occurred trying to load this video. Even in relationships between people whose personalities complement each other perfectly, you still find occasional disagreements that lead to conflict. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Describe four measures that can be adopted to reduce rural-urban migration, 2. These includes inter-ethnic conflicts, mostly centred on control over land and other resources and sovereignty issues; intra ethnic conflicts around land ownership, competing uses of land and the siting of institutions and services, but mostly about chieftaincy succession; and conflicts between state institutions, such as the police and communities, over policing and law and order issues arising from communal conflicts and inter-personal disputes. The team needs to acknowledge the source of conflict and work on . Notwithstanding the challenges noted above, Ghana has successfully held eight democratic elections between 1983 and 2018, with the opposition winning the elections of 2016, (these elections marked 33 years since Ghanas last military coup). [10] BoG 2015. (ii) Disruption of social activities If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. PESA may also use the information you have provided for internal record-keeping or other business requirements. A glaring pattern of inequality in Ghana manifests itself in the North-South dichotomy in development. $Mi8FB{N~JY@U,:pv=2/4/t4YB9w9AJG0bj.B] LS&8P7.XOb1 W_6M'=5W8reKroH[W*Kh0*b~\o[^4jnx ^x applicable to particular communities in Ghana. (v) Reduced access to social amenities (a) State four problems created in the urban areas by rural-urban migration, (b) All these resources cut across the agricultural, mining and human sectors. As described in the lesson, this is most often over relationships, power, communication, or change. 0000005545 00000 n 4. [1] Fischer, H. 2016. (iii) Suspicion and intolerance among individuals and groups We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. This analysis of previously collected data examined four fitness-relevant issues for their possible role in marital conflict. 4.1 Communication Breakdown. Because the communications department is equipped to provide clear instructions but are not necessarily the subject matter experts, they must wait for engineering to provide product details that are important to the final message. 'Inter-' means external and 'group' means sets of multiple things, so intergroup conflict relates to conflicts that happen between solidified groups of people. 1. Let's explore some of them! The managers must be sensitive to the staff's feelings, actively listen to their side of the story, yet remain neutral and professional throughout the entire time. - Theories & Examples, The Motivational Cycle: Definition, Stages & Examples, Acquired Needs Theory: Need for Achievement, Power & Affiliation, Exploratory Behavior & Curiosity: Psychology & Relationship, Emotions in Psychology: Definition, Biological Components & Survival, Theories of Emotion: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Two-Factor & Facial Feedback Hypothesis, James-Lange & Cannon-Bard Theories of Emotion, Effects of Motivation & Emotion on Perception, Cognition & Behavior, UExcel Introduction to Sociology: Study Guide & Test Prep, DSST Human Cultural Geography: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Human Geography: Certificate Program, Foundations of Education: Certificate Program, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Tutoring Solution, Abnormal Psychology: Homework Help Resource, CLEP American Government: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to American Government: Certificate Program, Introduction to Counseling: Certificate Program, DSST Fundamentals of Counseling: Study Guide & Test Prep, Psychology 103: Human Growth and Development, Man vs. Society Conflict: Definition & Examples, What is External Conflict in Literature? The history of Swazi land tenure dates back to PESA is an independent think-tank promoting regional integration in SADC and providing research on the political economy of development in Africa. (x) Tribal /ethnic / racial / cultural differences Compared with its neighbours, Ghana seems to be going through a period of relative stability. A conflict of interest emerges when people have differing opinions. This could make life difficult or even unbearable for them. (x) Creation of more job opportunities in the rural areas M. Simmons and P. Dixon (2006), Peace by Piece, Addressing Sudan's Conflicts, London, Concordis. Full Name (required) (viii) Excessive patronage of services There is excessive patronage of (extreme pressure on) (v) Human rights abuse A good project manager avoids these types of conflicts by managing their team with clear . Any time you get people together (whether it be in families, work relationships, or in a club) you'll find personalities that fit together and those that don't. If people all had independent goals that didnt affect one another, everything would be fine. "From 1806 until 1896, the Ashanti Kingdom was in a perpetual state of war involving expansion or defense of its domain". As resources dwindle and an organization has to make do with less, departments will compete to get those resources. Conflicts driven by this factor are demonstrated in serious conflicts wherein separate parties have sets of beliefs that they assert in an aggressive manner. The last approach is to avoid the conflict entirely. Conflict can occur if the first team member is delayed in completing their tasks. (i) Increase in streetism (i) Chieftaincy disputes All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This study seeks to establish the main explanation for the conflict; identify and evaluate the main actors and policies aimed at resolving the crisis; identify all stakeholders in the conflict and . Ghana ranks 43rd in the World Peace Index. Sources of Conflict, Conflict Resolution and Impact on Project Performance Group No:2,Div-B. Analysts who consider identities such as ethnicity to be primordial are correct in that identities are not simple to assume and discard. When people within a single group have discord with each other, it's referred to as intragroup conflict. Peacebuilding Overview, Approaches & Examples | What is Peacebuilding? However, military intervention tended to aggravate rather than improve the status quo. The sources of conflict include changes in relationships, power struggles, life changes, and poor communication. The Ashanti Empire were known for conquering many lands and claiming them.[when?] Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. (PDF) Effects of conflicts on local development in Ghana Effects of conflicts on local development in Ghana Authors: Desmond Gagakuma Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science and Technology. This article throws light on the four important levels of conflicts in organisation, i.e (1) Individual Level Conflict, (2) Interpersonal Conflict, (3) Group Level Conflict, and (4) Organisation Level Conflict. 301-315. This was a key theme in the early history of Ghana's independence. Let's look at some instances of this dispute: 1) One friend wants to open a cafe, while the other wants . This led to an increase in the general price of goods, placing the ordinary Ghanaians under significant financial pressure. Conflict in the school environment can have adverse effects on the academic environment, including affecting the morale of educators, the pace at which they work, and increasing absenteeism (Jennings & Wattam, 2004).Unless colleagues understand personal differences and accept each other's point of view, needs, priorities, and approach to work and problem solving (Robbins, 2000), conflict . Much conflict exists in every workplace without turning into disputes. 0000019849 00000 n Monetary Policy: Monetary Policy Framework, on the Bank of Ghana Website, viewed on 25 September 2018, from https://www.bog.gov.gh/. Then, have students find the source of the conflict. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. There reflection can be based on the following questions: 11 chapters | (a) (b) Give four reasons for the establishment of state owned enterprises in Ghana This war is widely known in Ghana and even other African countries. 1. Among other things, what they find when they complete Situational Leadership training is that they learned a leadership language. It is a language they can use to lead change, manage performance and enhance employee engagement. However, the president is required to seek parliamentary approval before making any appointments[12].
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